Ideas from 'A Theory of Universals' by David M. Armstrong [1978], by Theme Structure

[found in 'Properties' (ed/tr Mellor,D.H. /Oliver,A) [OUP 1997,0-19-875176-1]].

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4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 3. Modal Logic Systems / g. System S4

15544

If what is actual might have been impossible, we need S4 modal logic [Lewis]

8. Modes of Existence / B. Properties / 1. Nature of Properties

7024	Properties are universals, which are always instantiated [Heil]

8. Modes of Existence / B. Properties / 6. Categorical Properties

9478	Even if all properties are categorical, they may be denoted by dispositional predicates [Bird]

8. Modes of Existence / D. Universals / 2. Need for Universals

10729

Universals explain resemblance and causal power [Oliver]

8. Modes of Existence / E. Nominalism / 3. Predicate Nominalism

4031	It doesn't follow that because there is a predicate there must therefore exist a property

9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 4. Type Identity

10024

The type-token distinction is the universal-particular distinction [Hodes]

9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 5. Self-Identity

10728

A thing's self-identity can't be a universal, since we can know it a priori [Oliver]